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Grammar

Ablative (-den)

CEFR level: A1 · Topic: Nouns & Noun Phrases

The Ablative case (Ayrılma Hali / Çıkma Hali) primarily indicates origin or separation from a place, person, or thing. It can also be used for comparisons ("than"), to indicate passage "through," or cause "because of."

Suffixes:

The ablative suffix follows A-Type vowel harmony and consonant assimilation (hardening), similar to the locative case:

  • After vowels and voiced consonants: -dan (if last vowel is a, ı, o, u) or -den (if last vowel is e, i, ö, ü).
  • After voiceless consonants (f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p - "FıSTıKÇı ŞaHaP"): -tan (if last vowel is a, ı, o, u) or -ten (if last vowel is e, i, ö, ü).

Examples:

  • Evden çıktım. (I went out from the house.) (ev + -den)
  • Okuldan geliyorum. (I am coming from school.) (okul + -dan)
  • Bu hediye arkadaşımdan. (This gift is from my friend.) (arkadaşım + -dan)
  • Ağaçtan elma düştü. (An apple fell from the tree.) (ağaç + -tan, ç is voiceless)
  • Kitaptan bir bölüm okudum. (I read a chapter from the book.) (kitap + -tan, p is voiceless)

Other Uses:

  • Comparison ("than"): Ali, Mehmet'ten daha uzun. (Ali is taller than Mehmet.)
  • Passage ("through"): Pencereden baktı. (He/She looked through the window.)
  • Cause ("because of" / "due to"): Korkudan konuşamadı. (He/She couldn't speak out of fear.)
  • Material: Bu masa tahtadan yapıldı. (This table is made of wood.)

After a 3rd-person possessive, an n is added: evinden (from his/her house). Some verbs always take the ablative: korkmak (to be afraid of), hoşlanmak (to like), nefret etmek (to hate), bahsetmek (to talk about): Kedilerden hoşlanırım. (I like cats.)

Common Mistakes

  • ✗ kitapdan → ✓ kitaptan (hardening after p)
  • ✗ Köpekleri korkuyorum. → ✓ Köpeklerden korkuyorum. (korkmak takes the ablative)
  • ✗ Ali'den uzun daha → ✓ Ali'den daha uzun (daha comes before the adjective, and is often left out: Ali'den uzun)

Practice Zone

1. How do you say 'from home' if 'ev' means home?

2. How do you say 'from the market' if 'market' means market?

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