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Grammar

Personal Pronouns

CEFR level: A1 · Topic: Pronouns

Personal pronouns (şahıs zamirleri) replace nouns referring to people or things. Like nouns, they take case endings, but a few forms are irregular and must be memorised.

The Six Personal Pronouns:

TurkishEnglish
BenI
SenYou (singular, informal)
OHe / She / It
BizWe
SizYou (plural, or polite singular)
OnlarThey

O has no gender: O doktor. (He/She is a doctor.) Use siz to address one person politely: Siz nasılsınız? (How are you?)

Declension of Personal Pronouns:

CaseBenSenOBizSizOnlar
Nominativebensenobizsizonlar
Genitive (my, your…)benimseninonunbizimsizinonların
Accusative (me, you…)benisenionubizisizionları
Dative (to me…)banasanaonabizesizeonlara
Locative (on/at me…)bendesendeondabizdesizdeonlarda
Ablative (from me…)bendensendenondanbizdensizdenonlardan
With (-le)benimleseninleonunlabizimlesizinleonlarla
  • Bana / sana: the vowel changes from e to a in the dative (not bene, sene).
  • Benim / bizim: the genitive ends in -im, not -in.
  • O: a linking n appears before case endings: onun, onu, ona, onda, ondan.

Dropping the Subject Pronoun:

Because the verb ending already shows the person, subject pronouns are usually left out: Okula gidiyorum. (I am going to school.) Use the pronoun for emphasis or contrast: Ben çay içiyorum, sen kahve içiyorsun. (I am drinking tea, you are drinking coffee.)

Example Sentences:

  • Bana yardım et. (Help me.)
  • Sana bir sır söyleyeceğim. (I will tell you a secret.)
  • Bu kitap onun. (This book is his/hers.)
  • Bizi bekleyin. (Wait for us.)
  • Sizinle tanıştığıma memnun oldum. (Nice to meet you.)
  • Onlardan haber var mı? (Is there any news from them?)

Common Mistakes:

  • ✗ Bene yardım et. → ✓ Bana yardım et.
  • ✗ benin kitabım → ✓ benim kitabım
  • ✗ Oyu gördüm. → ✓ Onu gördüm. (I saw him/her.)

Practice Zone

1. What is the dative form of 'Ben' (I), meaning 'to me'?

2. What is the dative form of 'Sen' (You, informal singular), meaning 'to you'?

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