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Grammar

Negative Sentences

CEFR level: A1 · Topic: Sentence Structure

Turkish has three main tools for negation: the verb suffix -me/-ma, the word değil for "to be" sentences, and the word yok for "there isn't / don't have".

1. Negating Verbs with -me/-ma

Insert -me or -ma (two-way vowel harmony) right after the verb stem, before tense and personal suffixes.

  • geliyorum (I am coming) → gelmiyorum (I am not coming — before -Iyor the vowel narrows: -mi/-mı/-mu/-mü)
  • yaptım (I did) → yapmadım (I didn't do)
  • okuyacak (he/she will read) → okumayacak (he/she won't read — buffer y)

The aorist (simple present) has its own negative: -mAz, except in the first person: gelmem, gelmezsin, gelmez, gelmeyiz, gelmezsiniz, gelmezler (I don't come, you don't come...).

2. Negating Nouns and Adjectives with değil

For "X is (not) Y" sentences, değil follows the noun/adjective and carries the personal and tense endings.

  • Bu bir kitap. (This is a book.) → Bu bir kitap değil. (This is not a book.)
  • Hastayım. (I am sick.) → Hasta değilim. (I am not sick.)
  • Öğretmendi. (He/She was a teacher.) → Öğretmen değildi. (He/She was not a teacher.)

3. Existential yok

Yok is the negative of var (see Existential Sentences).

  • Evde kimse yok. (There is no one at home.)
  • Param yok. (I don't have any money.)

4. Negative Words Need a Negative Verb

Words like hiç (never, at all), kimse (nobody), hiçbir şey (nothing) and asla (never) are used together with a negative verb. Unlike in standard English, this "double negative" is correct.

  • Kimse gelmedi. (Nobody came.)
  • Hiçbir şey anlamadım. (I didn't understand anything.)

5. ne ... ne (de) ... (neither ... nor)

In standard Turkish, ne ... ne takes a positive verb, because the negation is already in ne ... ne. (A negative verb is sometimes heard in casual speech, but avoid it.)

  • Ne çay ne (de) kahve içti. (He/She drank neither tea nor coffee.)

Common Mistakes

  • ✗ Ben öğretmen yokum. → ✓ Ben öğretmen değilim. (yok is only for existence/possession)
  • ✗ Geldi değil. → ✓ Gelmedi. (verbs are negated with -mA, not değil)
  • ✗ Kimse geldi. → ✓ Kimse gelmedi.
  • ✗ Para var değil. → ✓ Para yok.

Practice Zone

1. How do you negate 'Ben öğretmenim.' (I am a teacher.)?

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