The Conditional Mood (Şart Kipi / Koşul Kipi) is used to express conditions, typically translated as "if." It forms the basis of conditional sentences.

Suffix Formation:

The suffix is -se or -sa, depending on A-Type vowel harmony. It is attached to the verb stem, often followed by personal suffixes.

Basic Conditional Conjugation (gelmek - to come):

Usage in Sentences:

The conditional clause usually precedes the main clause.

• Yağmur yağsa, evde kalırız. (If it rains, we will stay at home.)
• Çalışırsan, başarırsın. (If you study/work, you will succeed.)
• Gelseydin, onu görürdün. (If you had come, you would have seen him/her. (Past conditional)) - Note: This uses -se + past tense.

Combined with Tenses:

The conditional suffix -se/-sa can be combined with various tense markers to form different types of conditional statements (e.g., past conditional, future conditional).

• Present Simple Conditional: Yaparsam (If I do)
• Future Conditional: Yapacaksam (If I will do) (Note: 'k' often drops)
• Past Definite Conditional: Yaptıysam (If I did)

Negation:

The negative is formed by adding -me/-ma before the -se/-sa suffix: -mese/-masa. Example: Gelmesen, üzülürüm. (If you don't come, I will be sad.)