Passive Voice (-il/-in)

The Passive Voice (Edilgen Çatı) is used when the subject of the sentence receives the action, rather than performing it. The agent (doer of the action) is often omitted or can be introduced with tarafından (by).

Suffix Formation:

The passive suffix is added to the verb stem:

• If the verb stem ends in a vowel or -l: add -n / -ın / -in / -un / -ün (I-Type vowel harmony).
  Example: ara- (call/search) → aranmak (to be called/searched)
  Example: bekle- (wait) → beklenmek (to be waited for)
  Example: bil- (know) → bilinmek (to be known)
• If the verb stem ends in any other consonant: add -il / -ıl / -ul / -ül (I-Type vowel harmony).
  Example: yap- (do) → yapılmak (to be done)
  Example: sev- (love) → sevilmek (to be loved)
  Example: gör- (see) → görülmek (to be seen)

The new verb formed with the passive suffix is then conjugated like any other verb.

Examples:

• Kapı açıldı. (The door was opened.) (from açmak - to open)
• Bu kitap çok okundu. (This book was read a lot.) (from okumak - to read)
• Mektup yazıldı. (The letter was written.) (from yazmak - to write)
• Ev temizlendi. (The house was cleaned.) (from temizlemek - to clean)
• Yemekler bizim tarafımızdan yapıldı. (The food was made by us.)