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Grammar

Verbal Nouns (-me, -mek, -iş)

CEFR level: B1 · Topic: Verbs & Conjugation

Verbal nouns turn a verb into a noun ("reading", "to read", "my reading"). Like ordinary nouns, they can take case and possessive endings. The three main suffixes are -mek/-mak, -me/-ma and -iş/-ış/-uş/-üş.

1. The Infinitive: -mek / -mak

The dictionary form. It names the action in general, without saying who does it: as the subject of a sentence, after verbs like istemek, sevmek, başlamak, and before için (in order to).

  • Okumak güzeldir. (Reading is nice.)
  • Gitmek istemiyorum. (I don't want to go.)
  • Türkçe öğrenmek için buradayım. (I'm here to learn Turkish.)
  • Yüzmeyi seviyorum. (I love swimming.) For the accusative and dative the short form is used (yüzmeyi, yüzmeye); other cases keep the k: yüzmekten, yüzmekte, yüzmekle.

2. -me / -ma (+ possessive)

Used when the action is done by a specific person: the doer is shown with a possessive ending (and optionally a genitive noun or pronoun). It also forms many everyday nouns.

  • Onun gelmesini bekliyorum. (I'm waiting for him/her to come.) (gel + me + si + ni)
  • Gitmeni istiyorum. (I want you to go.) – compare Gitmek istiyorum. (I want to go.)
  • Burada sigara içmek yasak. (Smoking is forbidden here.) (general) vs Doktor sigara içmemi yasakladı. (The doctor banned me from smoking.) (specific person)
  • Fixed nouns: konuşma (speech), dondurma (ice cream), dolma (stuffed vegetables)

3. -iş / -ış / -uş / -üş

Often stresses the manner or a single instance of the action, and forms many fixed nouns. Buffer y after vowels (yürü → yürüyüş).

  • bakmak → bakış (a look, gaze, way of looking)
  • yürümek → yürüyüş (a walk, a march)
  • girmek → giriş (entrance), çıkmak → çıkış (exit)
  • Onun gülüşünü seviyorum. (I love the way he/she laughs.)

Common Mistakes

  • Different subject with istemek: Senin gitmek istiyorum ✗ → Gitmeni istiyorum ✓
  • Forgetting the possessive: Onun gelme bekliyorum ✗ → Onun gelmesini bekliyorum ✓
  • Noun or command? gelme can be the noun "coming" (stress at the end: gel-ME) or the command "don't come!" (stress at the start: GEL-me).
  • Participles are not verbal nouns: okuyan (the one who reads) is an adjective (see Participles).

Practice Zone

1. Which suffix is NOT commonly used to form verbal nouns from 'okumak' (to read)?

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