Turkish Verbs & Conjugation

Find any Turkish verb stem by removing -mek/-mak from the infinitive. Learn how the stem's last vowel and consonant decide every later suffix.

Turkish personal endings: the -(y)ım/-sın set and the -m/-n/-k set used after -di and -se. Learn which tenses take which set, with tables.

The Turkish aorist (geniş zaman): -r, -ir and -ar endings, the 13 irregular verbs, the negative yapmam/yapmaz and uses for habits and offers.

The Turkish present continuous -iyor: full conjugation, vowel dropping (bekliyor), negatives with -miyor, questions with mu, and its future use.

The Turkish definite past -di/-dı/-du/-dü and its -ti forms after voiceless consonants: conjugation, negatives, questions like geldin mi.

Say 'I was doing' in Turkish with -iyordu: conjugation, negatives, questions, and how it sets the scene when another past action interrupts.

The Turkish future tense -ecek/-acak: conjugation with k→ğ (geleceğim), negatives with -meyecek, questions, and informal spoken forms.

The Turkish -miş past for hearsay, inference and surprise. Learn how it contrasts with -di, its conjugation, and the -(y)miş form on nouns.

Give commands in Turkish: bare stem (gel), polite -(y)in/-(y)iniz, third-person -sin, negatives with -me, and softer requests with lütfen.

The Turkish optative: gideyim, gidelim and 'shall I/we?' questions (gideyim mi?). Learn which forms are still used in everyday modern speech.

Say 'must' and 'should' in Turkish with -meli/-malı, negatives with -memeli, past -meliydi, and alternatives like lazım, gerek and zorunda.

The Turkish conditional -se/-sa: conjugation, real conditions (gelirse), wishes with keşke, and how -se attaches to nouns and other tenses.

Say 'can' and 'can't' in Turkish: yapabilirim, yapamam, plus the subtle yapmayabilirim (might not) and yapamayabilirim (might not be able to).

Negate Turkish verbs with -me/-ma placed right after the stem. Covers every tense, the special negative aorist, -(y)ama for 'cannot' and değil.

Turkish yes/no questions with mı/mi/mu/mü: where the particle goes in each tense, as in geliyor musun? but geldin mi?, plus negative questions.

The Turkish passive with -il, -in and -n: which ending each verb takes, tarafından for the agent, and the impersonal passive (burada sigara içilmez).

Turkish causatives -dir, -t, -ir, -ar and -it: which verbs take which suffix (yaptırmak, anlatmak, bitirmek, çıkarmak) and who gets the dative.

Turkish verbal nouns -mek, -me and -iş: how to choose between them, add case and possessive endings, and say 'my coming' or 'to start swimming'.

Turkish participles -en, -dik and -ecek: build phrases like 'the man who came' and 'the book I read', and learn which one to use and why.

Turkish converbs -erek, -ip, -ince, -ken, -dikçe and -meden: link actions with 'by', 'and then', 'when', 'while' and 'without' naturally.