Grammar
- Verb Stems & Infinitives
- Person Suffixes
- Present Simple / Aorist (-r)
- Present Continuous (-iyor)
- Past Simple / Definite Past (-di)
- Past Continuous / Imperfect (-iyordu)
- Future Tense (-ecek/-acak)
- Narrative/Reported Past (-miş)
- Imperative Mood
- Optative Mood (-e)
- Necessitative Mood (-meli/-malı)
- Conditional Mood (-se/-sa)
- Ability (-ebilmek/-abilmek)
- Negation (-me/-ma)
- Questions (-mi?)
- Passive Voice (-il/-in)
- Causative Voice (-dir, -t, etc.)
- Verbal Nouns (-me, -mek, -iş)
- Participles (Sıfat-Fiiller)
- Gerunds / Adverbial Clauses
Grammar
Turkish Grammar Fundamentals
Everything in Turkish grammar builds on a few core sound rules. Once you know how the 29-letter alphabet is pronounced, how vowel harmony chooses between suffix variants, and when consonants soften or harden at a suffix boundary, the rest of the grammar becomes predictable.
Start here if you are new to Turkish. These lessons are short, but every later topic (cases, possessives, tenses) relies on them.
5 lessons in this topic
- 1.Alphabet & PronunciationA1
Learn the 29-letter Turkish alphabet and how each letter sounds. Covers ç, ğ, ı, ö, ş and ü, and the sounds that trip up English speakers.
- 2.Vowel HarmonyA1
Turkish vowel harmony explained: front vs. back vowels, 2-way (e/a) and 4-way (i/ı/u/ü) rules, and how they decide the form of every suffix.
- 3.Consonant MutationA1
When Turkish consonants change: p→b, ç→c, t→d, k→ğ before vowels, and d→t after voiceless sounds. Clear rules, examples and key exceptions.
- 4.Syllable StructureA1
How Turkish words split into syllables, why every syllable has exactly one vowel, and where word stress usually falls, with exceptions explained.
- 5.Word Order (SOV)A1
Turkish puts the verb last: Subject-Object-Verb. Learn the basic word order, where adjectives and time words go, and how focus changes word order.