Grammar
- Verb Stems & Infinitives
- Person Suffixes
- Present Simple / Aorist (-r)
- Present Continuous (-iyor)
- Past Simple / Definite Past (-di)
- Past Continuous / Imperfect (-iyordu)
- Future Tense (-ecek/-acak)
- Narrative/Reported Past (-miş)
- Imperative Mood
- Optative Mood (-e)
- Necessitative Mood (-meli/-malı)
- Conditional Mood (-se/-sa)
- Ability (-ebilmek/-abilmek)
- Negation (-me/-ma)
- Questions (-mi?)
- Passive Voice (-il/-in)
- Causative Voice (-dir, -t, etc.)
- Verbal Nouns (-me, -mek, -iş)
- Participles (Sıfat-Fiiller)
- Gerunds / Adverbial Clauses
Grammar
Turkish Sentence Structure
Turkish is a subject–object–verb (SOV) language: the verb comes last, and the word just before the verb carries the focus. These lessons cover word order, questions with mı/mi, conjunctions, and how Turkish builds complex sentences with participles instead of relative pronouns.
10 lessons in this topic
- 1.Basic SOV OrderA1
Build your first Turkish sentences in Subject-Object-Verb order: nominal sentences (Ben öğrenciyim), verbal sentences and where time words go.
- 2.QuestionsA1
Form Turkish questions: the mı particle for yes/no and focus, question words like kim and nerede, and the word order of open questions.
- 3.Negative SentencesA1
Make Turkish sentences negative with değil for nouns and adjectives, yok for 'there isn't', and -me/-ma for verbs, with a tense-by-tense guide.
- 4.Existential (Var/Yok)A1
Say 'there is' and 'there isn't' with var and yok, ask var mı?, and express 'I have' (Benim bir arabam var), plus vardı, yoktu and olacak.
- 5.Relative ClausesB1
Turkish relative clauses without 'who/which': participles -en, -diği and -eceği before the noun, as in okuduğum kitap and gelen adam.
- 6.Reported SpeechB2
Report speech in Turkish with diye, dedi, -diğini and -eceğini söylemek, and -miş hearsay. Includes how persons and tenses shift.
- 7.Conditional SentencesB2
Turkish if-sentences: real (gelirsen), hypothetical (gelsen) and past unreal (gelseydin), plus eğer, -se bile and mixed conditional patterns.
- 8.Postpositions (İlgeçler)A2
Turkish postpositions follow the noun: için, gibi, ile, kadar, göre, önce, sonra, beri. Learn which case each one takes (benim için, eve kadar).
- 9.Conjunctions (Bağlaçlar)A2
Link ideas in Turkish with ve, ama, fakat, çünkü, ya da, hem...hem, ne...ne and de/da. Includes spelling of de/da and common mistakes.
- 10.Particles & InterjectionsB2
Turkish particles bile, sadece, zaten, işte and -dır, and interjections like haydi, eyvah and maşallah. Add natural nuance to your Turkish.